Piyama-Radu
Τροία Ηγεμόνες Τρωάδας Χετταϊκή Τρωάδα (Wilusa) Ηγεμόνες Χετταϊκής Τρωάδας
Χετταϊκή Αυτοκρατορία (Hatti) Ηγεμόνες Χετταϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας
Δαρδανία (Arzawa) = (Χετταϊκή Λυδία) Ηγεμόνες Ασιατικής Δαρδανίας
Χετταϊκή Μυσία (Sehha Land) Ηγεμόνες Χετταϊκής Μυσίας
Χετταϊκή Φρυγία (Mira) Ηγεμόνες Χετταϊκής Φρυγίας
Χετταϊκή Κιλικία (Kizzuwatna) = (Κισσία) Ηγεμόνες Χετταϊκής Κιλικίας
Ελυμαΐδα (Elam) Ηγεμόνες Ελυμαΐδας
Βαβυλωνία Ηγεμόνες Βαβυλωνίας
Ασσυρία Ηγεμόνες Ασσυρίας
Χετταϊκή Συρία Ηγεμόνες Χετταϊκής Συρίας
Μυκηναϊκή Αργολίδα Ηγεμόνες Μυκηναϊκής Αργολίδας
Μυκηναϊκή Κρήτη (Ahhijawa) Ηγεμόνες Μυκηναϊκής Κρήτης
Ουραρτία (Urartu) Ηγεμόνες Ουραρτίας
Μιταννία (Mitanni) Ηγεμόνες Μιταννίας
Αιγυπτιακή Αυτοκρατορία Ηγεμόνες Αιγυπτιακής Αυτοκρατορίας
Χατταίοι Λούβιοι Αμορραίοι Αραμαίοι Χαναναίοι Νεο-Χετταίοι
- Βασιλέας της Wilusa (πιθανότατα, Χετταϊκής Τρωάδας).
- Πιθανότατα ταυτίζεται με τον Τρώα βασιλέα Εριχθόνιο της Ελληνικής Μυθολογίας που από άλλες πηγές εξηλληνίσθηκε ως "Ραδάμανθυς"
- Χρονική Περίοδος Διακυβέρνησης: Νεο-Χετταϊκή Εποχή, 13ος Αιώνας π.Χ.,
- Γέννηση:
- Θάνατος:
Ετυμολογία[]
Το όνομα "Piyama-Radu" συνδέεται ετυμολογικά με το όνομα του θεού "Radu".
Γενεαλογία[]
- Πατέρας:
- Μητέρα: [[]]
- Σύζυγος: [[]]
- Τέκνα:
Βιογραφία[]
Τα σπουδαιότερα γεγονότα του βίου του είναι:
Piyamaradu (also spelled Piyama-Radu, Piyama Radu, Piyamaradus, Piyamaraduš) was a warlike aristocratic personage whose name figures prominently in the Hittite archives of the middle and late 13th century BC in western Anatolia. His history is of particular interest because it appears to intertwine with that of the Trojan War. Some scholars assume that his name lives forth in that of Priam, Priam King of Troy.
Meaning of the name[]
The name appears to be a compound with Luwian piyama "gift" as its first part. Other Luwian names containing the same word are attested, such as Piyama-Kurunta.
The second part of the word was earlier believed to be an unknown theonym *Radu,[1] but since Luwian words do not start with an r, it must be aradu, which may be a noun meaning "devotee", derived "from *arada- 'religious community (vel sim.)', itself a derivative of *ara- 'associate' (cf. Hitt. ara- 'id.') [2]
The Exploits of Piyamaradu[]
It is believed that Piyamaradu was the legitimate heir of Uhha-Ziti, a previous king of Arzawa who was dethroned by the Hittite king Mursili II, and probably the son of his son Piyama-Kurunta.[3] He tried to reassert his own dynastic claim by attacking the Hittite empire in Arzawa, Seha, Lazpa (Lesbos) and Wilusa (Troy). This he probably did in concert with an application to the Great King of Hatti[4] to be accepted into Hittite vassal status as a sub-king.
When his application was deprecated, he rebelled, wishing to assert his putative dynastic rights. The Great King of Hatti suppressed him through the agency of a certain other trusted vassal, Manapa-Tarhunta. Piyamaradu, on the other hand, allied with the Great King of Ahhiyawa (Achaea, i.e Κρήτη), and married his daughter to Atpa, the vassal ruler of Millawanda (Miletus).
Because he had asserted himself against the Great King of Hatti, and allied himself his characterization in the Hittite archives is that of "troublemaker", "adventurer", "freebooter", or "mercenary"; from his own point of view he may have considered himself merely to be asserting his own rightful (hereditary?) status. The salience of his exploits in the record, together with his name and claim, render dynastic parameters plausible.
Identification with Homeric personages[]
Piyamaradu has been conjectured to correspond to the archetype embodied in the epic/legendary Priam of Troy in the Iliad.[5] The epic Priam's son Paris/Alexandros, identified with Alaksandu, a Wilusan king known to have made a treaty with the Hittite monarch Muwatalli II, has a less speculative identification.[6]
Piyamaradu is often designated as a "king" of Wilusa in a number of modern sources.[7][8]
Hittite archives[]
The relevant Hittite archival correspondence referring to him include:
- Manapa-Tarhunta letter (c. 1295 BC) "...a notorious local troublemaker called Piyamaradu is harrying Wilusiya, a land of the Assuwa federation loosely allied with the Hittite Empire. The Hittite king has apparently ordered Manapa-Tarhunda to drive out Piyamaradu himself, but Manapa-Tarhunda's attempt has failed, so that a Hittite force is now sent out to deal with the problem."
- Tawagalawa letter (c. 1250 BC) "The letter would be more appropriately known as the 'Piyama-Radu letter'".
- Milawata letter (c. 1225 BC) "Like the Tawagalawa letter and also the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, the Milawata letter mentions the infamous adventurer Piyama-Radu; but as a figure of the past."
Υποσημειώσεις[]
- ↑ Arzawa Pages; see Theophoric names, and compare to the Hebrew form Jonathan ("Gift of Jehova").
- ↑ Cf. I.S. Yakubovich, Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language, p. 113.
- ↑ F. Starke, "Troia im Kontext des historisch-politischen und sprachlichen Umfeldes Kleinasiens im 2. Jahrtausend", Studia Troica 7 (1997), p. 450-454; J.D. Hawkins, "Tarkasnawa King of Mira", Anatolian Studies 48 (1998), p. 17; W.-D. Niemeier, ”Westkleinasien und Ägäis von den Anfängen bis zur Ionischen Wanderung”, in: Frühes Ionien, 2007, p. 79.
- ↑ Muwatalli II according to Gurney; Hattusili III, according to an earlier consensus)
- ↑ S.P. Morris, "A Tale of Two Cities", American Journal of Archaeology 93 (1989), p. 532.
- ↑ Transanatolia
- ↑ "Une rapide campagne est nécessaire pour s'assurer de la loyauté de l'incertaine Arzawa et du roi Piyamaradu."[1]
- ↑ Troy at History files
Εσωτερική Αρθρογραφία[]
Βιβλιογραφία[]
- American Journal of Archaeology Online Forum: "The Importance of Troy in the Late Bronze Age 2005--03-10";
- Heinhold-Krahmer, Susanne.
- 1986. "Untersuchungen zu Piyamaradu (Teil II)." Orientalia 55.47-62.
- 1983. "Untersuchungen zu Piyamaradu (Teil I)." Orientalia 52.81-97.
- Gurney, Oliver 2002. "The authorship of the Tawagalawas Letter." Silva Anatolica Vol. 2002, pp. 133–141.
Ιστογραφία[]
 Κίνδυνοι Χρήσης
|
|---|
|
Αν και θα βρείτε εξακριβωμένες πληροφορίες "Οι πληροφορίες αυτές μπορεί πρόσφατα Πρέπει να λάβετε υπ' όψη ότι Επίσης, |
- Μην κάνετε χρήση του περιεχομένου της παρούσας εγκυκλοπαίδειας
αν διαφωνείτε με όσα αναγράφονται σε αυτήν
- Όχι, στις διαφημίσεις που περιέχουν απαράδεκτο περιεχόμενο (άσεμνες εικόνες, ροζ αγγελίες κλπ.)